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对外经济贸易大学
2011年攻读翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:351英语翻译基础
(1)词语翻译(30分):
1)英译中(10个)
1. Facebook:脸谱网或脸书网,知名社交网站
2. Twitter:是一个社交网络及微博客服务
3. Blog:博客, 网络随笔,日志
4. Bill of lading:提货单,提单
5. Private equity:私募股权,私募基金
6. Yellow pages:(电话簿)黄页部分
7. Trade deficit:贸易逆差
8. Game theory:博弈论
9. Bloomberg:彭博社
10. Tertiary industry:第三产业
2)中译英(10个)
1. 以人为本:People-oriented
2. 分期付款:Installment
3. 经济适用房:Economically affordable housing
4. 国富论:The Wealth of Nations
5. 朝核会议:North Korea nuclear meeting
6. 印花税:Stamp duty
7. 次贷危机:Subprime crisis
8. 新教伦理:Protestant ethic
9. 节能减排:Energy-saving and emission-reduction
10. 达人秀:Talent Show
3)名称缩写英译中
1. IMF =International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织
2. UNESCO =United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教育科学暨文化组织
3. UNCTAD =United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易及发展会议
4. HBS =Harvard Business School 哈佛大学商学院
5. HEC =Hydro Electric Commission (澳大利亚)(塔斯马尼亚州)水力发电委员会
6. CAT =computer-aided teaching 电脑辅助教学
7. MFNs=Most Favorable Nations最惠国待遇
8. ASEAN =Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟
9. IPO = Initial Public Offering 初次公开发行(公司股票首度在股市中公开买卖)
10. CNN =Cable News Network (美国)有线新闻电视网
(2)英译中(60分):
Is the world headed for a food crisis? India, Mexico and Yemen have seen food riots this year.
What’s the cause for these shortages and price hikes? Expensive oil, for the most part. The
United Nations food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that, at nearly $100 a barrel,the price of oil has sent the cost of food imports skyrocketing this year. Add in escalating
crop prices, the FAO warned, and a direct consequence could soon be an increase in global hunger
—and, as a consequence, increased social unrest. What’s more, worldwide food reserves are at
their lowest in 35 years, so prices are likely to stay high for the foreseeable future.
On the demand side, one of the key issues is biofuels. Biofuels, made from food crops such as
corn, sugar cane, and palm oil, are seen as easing the world’s dependence on gasoline or diesel.
But when crude oil is expensive, as it is now, these alternative energy sources can also be sold
at market-competitive prices, rising steeply in relation to petroleum. With one-quarter of the
US corn harvest in 2010 diverted towards biofuel production, the attendant rise in cereal prices
has already had an impact on the cost and availability of food. Critics worry that the gold rush
toward biofuels is taking away food from the hungry. Leaders in the biofuel industry respond that
energy costs are more to blame for high food prices than biofuels. “Energy is the blood of the
world, so if oil goes up then other commodities follow,” Claus Sauter, CEO of German bioenergy
firms Verbio said. Others argue that cleaner-burning biofuels could help stem the effects of
climate change, another factor identified by the FAO as causing food shortages. Analysts note
that scientists believe climate change could be behind recent extreme weather patterns, including
catastrophic floods, heat waves and drought. All can diminish food harvests and stockpiles. But
so can market forces.
(3)中译英(60分):关于中美航空领域的合作
中美航空运输市场开放,距离真正意义上的双方机会均等、互利共赢。还有一段距离。扩大中美航空运输市场开放力度,将对中国航空企业带来新的压力。在中夹航空客运市场上,受市场需求、运力投放、运营管理等因素影响,中国航空企业一直处于劣势,整体上一直处于亏损状态,而美国航空企业则一直回报丰厚。中国航空货运企业发展刚刚起步,而国运业务是美国航空业目前发展最快的业务。美国方面对新航权的强劲需求和中国的相对过剩形成对比,开放领域加大,势必使这种差距也随之加大。
航空市场开放力度加大,并非绝对利空。目前,虽然中美航线整体竞争力不强,但部分大型航空公司可以提前布局,以当前的亏损换取未来的繁荣。此外,开放力度的加大,会进一步促进中国民航业的改革,加速行业的整合,加快各运营公司改善自身状况,有利于整个行业的良性发展。
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